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Trace element profiles in the plastisphere of marine microplastics: A comparison of dry and wet seasons
Summary
Tiny plastic bits floating in the ocean often get coated with a slimy layer of algae, bacteria, and other marine life—and this coating can trap potentially harmful trace metals like cadmium, lead, and zinc. This study found that most of these metals come from the surrounding seawater and organisms rather than the plastic itself, and the amount changes with the seasons (more marine life buildup in the wet season). This matters because these metal-coated microplastics can end up in seafood we eat, so understanding when and how they accumulate contaminants helps scientists better assess risks to our health.
Seasonal variations of trace elements in plastisphere are crucial for managing microplastic pollution and preserving marine ecosystems. The plastisphere plays an important role in regulating trace element accumulation on microplastics, yet its seasonal dynamics remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the variations in trace element concentrations and their sources in the plastisphere from eight sampling sites in coastal waters of Hong Kong during November 2020 and May 2021, representing dry and wet seasons, respectively. Environmental parameters were monitored, and trace elements were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed diverse marine organisms adhering to microplastic surfaces during the wet season. Results showed significant differences in trace element concentrations between internal (microplastic) and external (suspended particulate matter (SPM) and plankton) sources. Negative correlations were observed between plastisphere mass and trace elements, while specific surface area showed positive correlations with certain trace elements. External sources appeared to be the main contributors to trace elements in the plastisphere, although a contribution from the microplastic could not be ruled out for several elements (Cd, Pb, Sb, Zn) in the dry season.