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Human Exposure to Nanoplastics and Its Toxicological and Environmental Implications
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Tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics are everywhere—in our water, air, and food—and this review pulls together existing research on how they get into our bodies (through eating, breathing, or even skin contact) and spread to different organs. The science suggests these particles may trigger cell damage, inflammation, hormone disruption, and other harmful effects, though researchers note it's still hard to measure exact exposure levels and long-term risks. The takeaway: nanoplastic pollution is a growing health concern worth watching, but scientists still need better tools to figure out exactly how much harm it's causing.
This chapter per the authors investigates human exposure to nanoplastics and toxicodynamic responses arising from environmental persistence, biological translocation, and cross-interface exposure pathways within a One Health framework. Environmental formation and degradation processes are evaluated alongside transport across aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial matrices leading to ingestion, inhalation, dermal uptake, and systemic distribution. Mechanistic injury pathways are analyzed, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cascades, endocrine disruption, epithelial barrier impairment, and genotoxic effects across multiple organ systems. The chapter further addresses biomonitoring strategies, exposure quantification constraints, and limitations in long-term assessment within analytical standardization frameworks. By integrating exposure science with mechanistic toxicology and computational analytics, the chapter provides a structured perspective for interpreting nanoplastic-associated health risks across interconnected ecological and physiological systems.
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A review on microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Their occurrence, exposure routes, toxic studies, and potential effects on human health
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This review summarizes what is known about how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin contact, and what they do once inside. Studies on cells and animals show these tiny particles can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and harm to the immune, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. The research makes clear that microplastics are not just an environmental problem but a direct concern for human health.
Human Exposure to Microplastics: Toxicological Mechanisms and Potential Health Implications - a Narrative Review
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Tiny plastic particles from our food, water, and air are showing up inside the human body, and lab studies suggest they could trigger cell damage, inflammation, and hormone disruption. This review pulls together existing research to show that while the potential risks are concerning, most evidence so far comes from test tubes and animal studies—so scientists still can't say for certain whether microplastics are directly causing specific diseases in people. More real-world human studies are needed before we know exactly how worried to be.
The impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health: a growing concern
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Tiny plastic particles—so small they can enter your body through the food you eat, the air you breathe, and even your skin—have become impossible to avoid, and this review pulls together existing research on what that means for your health. Scientists have found these particles can travel from your gut, lungs, and skin into your bloodstream, reaching organs throughout your body and even crossing into the placenta during pregnancy, where they may disrupt hormones, trigger inflammation, and cause cellular damage. While researchers are still working out exactly how harmful this is, the mounting evidence is a strong signal that reducing plastic exposure and pollution deser
Microplastics as Emerging Contaminants: Pathways, Environmental Persistence, and Human Health Implications
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This review pulls together recent research on microplastics — tiny plastic particles that break down from larger waste — and how they travel through our environment, air, water, and food before ending up in our bodies through eating, breathing, and even skin contact. Early lab and animal studies suggest the smallest particles (nanoplastics) might trigger cell damage and inflammation, but scientists still don't know how much exposure happens in real life or what it means for long-term health. Bottom line: microplastics are everywhere and getting into us, but researchers need better, more consistent studies before we can say exactly how worried to be.
Sources, Environmental Fates, Human Exposure Pathways, and Health Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics
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Tiny plastic particles called microplastics and nanoplastics are now found everywhere—in our food, water, and air—and this review pulls together what scientists currently know about how they get into our bodies and what they might do once there. The concern isn't just the plastic itself, but that these particles can carry along other harmful chemicals (like BPA and heavy metals) and may disrupt hormones and metabolism, with the smallest particles even able to slip past the body's natural protective barriers. The research is still catching up, though—scientists don't yet have long-term human studies to fully confirm the risks, so this paper mainly highlights what we need to study
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.