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Application of biochar-based materials as adsorbents for aquatic environment remediation: Preparation, mechanisms, and performance evaluation
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This review pulls together research on biochar—a charcoal-like material made from burning organic waste—showing how treating it with acids, bases, or metals can turn it into a super-effective filter that removes over 90% of contaminants like heavy metals, microplastics, and toxic chemicals from water. This matters because it points to an affordable, reusable way (it can be reused 4-5 times) to clean up drinking water sources and reduce our exposure to pollutants linked to long-term health risks. Since this is a review, it summarizes existing studies rather than presenting brand-new experiments, but it lays out a practical roadmap for using this techn
As a carbon-rich porous material, biochar has become a promising adsorbent for water remediation. It can effectively remove heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, microplastics, and other pollutants from water. This review systematically summarizes pyrolysis as the most common preparation technique for biochar, elaborates on the advantages of its preparation techniques, and analyzes the structural and functional group rational changes of biochar after acid-base modification, oxidative modification, metal/non-metal doping, and other modifications. After modification, the material forms a rough, porous surface, with its specific surface area increased by 0.5-25 times. The adsorption capacity rises by 35%-750%, and the final pollutant removal efficiency generally exceeds 90%. It also presents favorable regeneration performance, maintaining a reuse rate of 80%-97% after 4-5 cycles. Metal/nonmetal doping is currently a prevalent and high-efficiency modification strategy. It provides a comprehensive overview of the efficient adsorption effects of biochar materials on various types of pollutants in aquatic environments, discusses the environmental safety and risk assessment of biochar, and outlines a variety of practical application processes (such as permeable reactive barriers (PRB)) that fully exploit the potential of biochar based on its characteristics in practical scenarios like groundwater. The main adsorption mechanisms of biochar-based adsorbents in the pollutant removal process, primarily including pore filling, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interaction, are explored. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical basis and technical guidance for the optimal design, mechanism analysis, performance evaluation, and engineering application of biochar-based adsorption materials in the field of aquatic environment remediation.
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Tiny plastic particles are showing up everywhere in our water, and current treatment plants can only filter out 40-78% of them, meaning the rest ends up in our environment and potentially our bodies. This review paper highlights biochar—a charcoal-like material made from plant waste—as a cheap, eco-friendly filter that can be specially engineered to capture up to 99% of microplastics from water. While promising, scientists still need to standardize these methods and test them at larger scales before this becomes a widespread solution for cleaner drinking water.
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This review examines how biochar, a carbon-rich material made from organic waste, can be used to remove pollutants including microplastics, heavy metals, and organic chemicals from wastewater. Biochar works by adsorbing contaminants onto its surface, and its effectiveness can be improved through chemical modifications. The technology offers a low-cost, sustainable approach to water treatment that could help reduce microplastic contamination in water supplies.
A review on waste biomass-derived biochar: Production, characterisation, and advanced analytical techniques for pollutants assessment in water and wastewater
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This review pulls together current research on biochar, a charcoal-like material made from waste plant matter, showing how it can be produced and used to filter out harmful pollutants like heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and microplastics from water. This matters because these contaminants can end up in our drinking water and food supply, and biochar offers a low-cost, eco-friendly way to remove them before they reach us. As a review, this paper doesn't present new experiments but instead summarizes and organizes existing science to help researchers improve water treatment methods going forward.
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