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Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by indigenous bacterial isolates from dump yard soils
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Scientists found bacteria living in soil at plastic dump sites that can actually break down common plastics like water bottles (PET) and plastic bags (LDPE) — and when these bacteria teamed up in groups, they broke down plastic even faster (up to 61% for PET) than working alone. This matters because plastic waste doesn't just clog landfills — it breaks into microplastics that end up in our water, food, and even our bodies, so finding natural ways to break down plastic waste before it fragments could help reduce our overall exposure over time.
Background: Plastic pollution is a critical environmental issue due to the persistence and recalcitrance of polymers such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Microbial biodegradation offers an eco-friendly solution for plastic waste management.Aim: To isolate, identify, and evaluate the biodegradation potential of indigenous plastic-degrading bacteria from dump yard soils.Materials and Methods: Soil samples were collected from two plastic-contaminated dumping sites. Bacterial isolates were obtained using standard microbiological techniques and screened on Minimal Salt Medium supplemented with LDPE. Identification was performed through morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biodegradation efficiency was assessed using weight-loss analysis of PET films. Comparative evaluation was carried out between individual isolates and synergistic bacterial consortia.Results: Four isolates exhibited significant plastic-degrading activity. PET showed higher degradation (37.5%) compared to LDPE (27.5%). Bacterial consortia demonstrated enhanced efficiency, achieving 61.25% degradation for PET and 46.25% for LDPE, outperforming individual isolates.Conclusion: Indigenous bacterial consortia possess significant potential for biodegradation of synthetic plastics and offer a sustainable approach for plastic waste management.
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