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Functionalized Polystyrene Nanoplastics Drive Distinct Mitochondrial Bioenergetic and Phenotypic Responses in Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelia

Journal of Applied Toxicology 2026

Summary

Researchers exposed rainbow trout gill epithelial cells to differently functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics and measured mitochondrial bioenergetics alongside phenotypic profiling, finding that surface chemistry drives distinct cellular stress signatures and that morphological data captured toxic responses that bioenergetics measurements alone missed.

Polymers

-treated cells. Phenotypic profiling demonstrated that morphological data distinguished treatment groups by distinct clusters based on similarity and revealed a more comprehensive understanding of nano-induced cellular stress than bioenergetics measurements alone. Future nanotoxicological studies should implement multiparametric approaches to expand beyond traditional endpoints, including the use of other environmentally relevant nanoplastics in aquatic organisms.

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