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Functionalized Polystyrene Nanoplastics Drive Distinct Mitochondrial Bioenergetic and Phenotypic Responses in Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelia
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Researchers exposed rainbow trout gill epithelial cells to differently functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics and measured mitochondrial bioenergetics alongside phenotypic profiling, finding that surface chemistry drives distinct cellular stress signatures and that morphological data captured toxic responses that bioenergetics measurements alone missed.
-treated cells. Phenotypic profiling demonstrated that morphological data distinguished treatment groups by distinct clusters based on similarity and revealed a more comprehensive understanding of nano-induced cellular stress than bioenergetics measurements alone. Future nanotoxicological studies should implement multiparametric approaches to expand beyond traditional endpoints, including the use of other environmentally relevant nanoplastics in aquatic organisms.
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Phenotypic profiling reveals polystyrene nanoplastics elicit sublethal and lethal effects on cellular morphology in rainbow trout gill epithelial cells
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Image-based phenotypic profiling revealed that polystyrene nanoplastics induced both sublethal and lethal morphological changes in rainbow trout gill epithelial cells at environmentally relevant concentrations, with dose-dependent effects on cell shape, nuclear integrity, and cytoskeletal organization.
Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Multi-Organ Toxicity in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An Integrated Assessment of Physiological, Immunological, and Molecular Responses
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Rainbow trout were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics at three concentrations for 28 days and assessed for physiological, immunological, and molecular responses across multiple organs. NPs accumulated in liver, spleen, and intestine, causing dose-dependent oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and altered gene expression, demonstrating multi-organ toxicity in a commercially important fish species.
Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Time-Dependent Cytotoxic, Cytoskeletal and Oxidative Stress-Associated Responses in Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells
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Scientists exposed rainbow trout gill cells in a lab dish to tiny polystyrene plastic particles for 24 or 72 hours. At the highest dose, the cells showed damage to their outer membranes and internal structure, along with signs of chemical stress, and these effects changed depending on how long the exposure lasted.
Bioaccumulation of functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) and their toxic effects on oxidative stress, energy metabolism and mitochondrial pathway
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This study investigated how different types of polystyrene nanoplastics accumulate in sea cucumbers and affect their health. Researchers found that nanoplastics built up in the animals' tissues and caused oxidative stress, disrupted energy metabolism, and damaged mitochondrial function. The findings suggest that the surface chemistry and size of nanoplastics influence how toxic they are to marine organisms.
Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induce Multi-Organ Toxicity in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss): An Integrated Assessment of Physiological, Immunological, and Molecular Responses
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Rainbow trout fed polystyrene nanoplastics for 28 days showed harmful effects across multiple organs, with higher doses causing worse outcomes. Fish had lower survival, altered blood and immune markers, changes in antioxidant and inflammation related genes, and tissue damage in the liver, spleen, and intestine.
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