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Aminated carbon nanofiber-mediated nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction coupled with pyrolysis-GC/MS for sensitive determination of polystyrene nanoplastics
Summary
Scientists have developed a new, highly sensitive method to detect tiny polystyrene nanoplastics (from products like foam packaging and disposable cups) in water, using special carbon fiber materials that attract and trap these particles for analysis. This matters because nanoplastics are so small they're hard to measure with existing tools, yet they may pose health risks by slipping past the body's natural defenses more easily than larger microplastics, better detection is a key first step toward understanding how much of this pollution is actually in our water and what it might mean for our health.
A novel integrated method combining nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction (NLPNE) based on aminated carbon nanofibers/ carbon fibers (NH2-CNFs/CFs) with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py/GC-MS) was developed for the sensitive determination of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics in aqueous samples. The nanoconfined space constructed by intertwined CNFs accelerates the mass transfer of PS nanoplastics via short-range diffusion. Meanwhile, amino groups on the material surfacenot only generate electrostatic attraction with negatively charged PS nanoplastics, driving PS nanoplastics in water to migrate into the confined space loaded with nanoconfined solvent, but also endow the material with positive charges to interact with polar nanoconfined solvent. This effectively enhances the binding force between the solvent and the material surface and thus improves the extraction efficiency. Using acetonitrile as the optimized nanoconfined solvent, the proposed method achieves rapid extraction equilibrium, obeying pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. Direct Py-GC/MS analysis employing styrene trimer (m/z 312) as the characteristic marker delivers a low limit of detection of 0.56 µg/L. This method provided a novel technical solution for the detection of nanoplastics and supports future research on their environmental behaviors.