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Optimization of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ Nanoparticles Synthesis Exhibiting Persistent Luminescence for Nanoplastic Labelling and Imaging in Daphnia Magna
Summary
Researchers optimized the production of luminescent zinc gallate nanoparticles that glow persistently without external light, then used them to label and track nanoplastics inside the water flea Daphnia magna. The labeling technique enabled clear visualization of how plastic particles were distributed and absorbed in the organism's body without background interference. This new imaging method could help scientists better understand how micro- and nanoplastics move through and accumulate in living organisms.
Abstract Nano‐ and microplastic pollution is one of modern science's most pressing environmental challenges. Its presence has been reported in soil, water, air, aquatic species, and humans. Despite its widespread occurrence, tracking plastic particles within organisms remains challenging. Therefore, developing new visualization methods is crucial for understanding how nano‐ and microplastics are distributed and absorbed in biological systems. A promising solution lies in nanoparticles (NPs) capable of persistent luminescence, such as ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ , which, as labels, enable background‐free detection in the first biological window range. In this work, three different synthesis methods of the ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ NPs, i.e., precipitation, hydrothermal, and solvothermal are compared, and their optimization for the best spectroscopic properties. The optimized NPs are then applied for polystyrene microparticles labeling and successfully used to track microplastic uptake and distribution in Daphnia magna as a model aquatic organism.
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