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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
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Gill dysfunction and metabolic disruption: the size-dependent effects of microplastics on Chiromantes haematocheir
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
2026
Summary
Researchers exposed the brackish-water crab Chiromantes haematocheir to polystyrene particles at three sizes (75 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm) for 21 days and found that smaller particles caused greater gill accumulation, elevated oxidative stress, and more pronounced disruption of immune function, energy metabolism, and apoptotic pathways.
Chiromantes haematocheir was exposed to polystyrene particles of 75 nm, 500 nm, and 1000 nm for 21 days to evaluate gill accumulation, oxidative stress, immune response, energy metabolism, and apoptosis.