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Polystyrene nanoplastics drive neuronal senescence via PP2A-B56γ-targeted p-Ebp1Ser335 dephosphorylation-mediated ribosome biogenesis dysfunction

Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2026

Summary

Researchers identified a novel molecular cascade in which polystyrene nanoplastics activate the PP2A-B56γ phosphatase, which dephosphorylates the ribosome biogenesis regulator Ebp1, inducing nucleolar stress and p53/p21-driven neuronal senescence; pharmacological PP2A inhibition restored ribosome function and rescued cognitive deficits in exposed mice.

Polymers
Body Systems
Models
Study Type In vivo

Nanoplastics (NPs) exhibit neurotoxicity, yet the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we established a human-relevant polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 mg kg) oral exposure model in C57BL/6 mice in vivo and a neuro-immune microglial-neuron co-culture system (HMC-3/SH-SY5Y cells) in vitro to dissect these mechanisms. We demonstrate that PS-NPs exposure triggers microglial M1 activation and drives neuronal senescence. Mechanistically, PS-NPs activate the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B56γ subunit, which selectively dephosphorylates the ribosome biogenesis regulator ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1) at Ser335. This post-translational modification reduces Ebp1 nucleolar localization, suppresses 47S pre-ribosomal RNA transcription, and induces nucleolar stress. Consequently, the p53/p21 pathway is engaged, promoting neuronal senescence. Pharmacological inhibition of PP2A with LB-100 restored ribosome biogenesis, prevented neuronal senescence, and rescued cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative phenotypes in PS-NP-exposed mice. This is the first study to identify the PP2A-B56γ-p-Ebp1-ribosome biogenesis axis as a novel cascade mechanism driving PS-NP-induced neuronal senescence. Our findings offer a targetable strategy to mitigate nanoplastics-associated neurodegeneration.

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