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Smart Water Safety: An Integrated IoT Framework for Microplastic and Chemical Contamination Detection

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2026

Summary

Researchers developed an IoT water quality monitor that integrates pH, TDS, and turbidity sensors with an optical microplastic detector — using a blue LED, Nile Red fluorescence, and a 90° light-scattering photodetector — to simultaneously assess chemical contamination and microplastic presence, reporting a unified Water Quality Index via a live web interface.

Polymers
Study Type Environmental

Safe water is crucial for health and requires effective monitoring of not only chemical contaminants, but also emerging contaminants like microplastics. Existing IoT solutions that monitor pH, turbidity, and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) to assess the quality of drinking water do not consider the presence of microplastics or combine the two detection methods. Here, we propose an intelligent IoT-based water monitoring system that can assess chemical pollution for drinking water quality and microplastic contamination for overall water quality. The proposed system incorporates an ESP32-based microcontroller and pH, TDS, turbidity sensors, and optical microplastic detection mechanism. The microplastic detection is achieved using a blue LED and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) at 90° angles, along with Nile Red dye-based fluorescence and light scattering. Model microplastics of size in the range of 500-1000 μm made of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) were used to test the system. The sensor signals are converted into voltage signals, where microplastics are detected by voltage thresholds. A live web interface presents all metrics and a Water Quality Index (WQI), indicating water as safe, caution or unsafe. The system has a bigger picture of the safety of drinking water (chemicals) and pollution (microplastics).

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