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Nanoplastics in aquatic systems: challenges and advances in adsorptive removal technologies
Summary
This review examined the formation and environmental effects of nanoplastics in water systems and assessed adsorption as a promising method for their removal. Researchers evaluated materials including biochar, sponges, and aerogels, finding that effectiveness depends on factors like pH, pore size, and surface chemistry. The study highlights that while adsorption technologies show potential for nanoplastic cleanup, challenges remain in scaling these approaches for real-world water treatment.
Plastic pollution poses a major threat to both human health and ecosystems. This study investigates the formation and effects of nanoplastics (NPs) derived from the fragmentation and degradation of plastic waste. The study highlights adsorption as a promising method for the removal of NPs and emphasizes the development of adsorption materials such as biochar, sponges and aerogels. After a detailed overview of adsorption mechanisms, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and pore filling, the study identifies key factors that influence adsorption performance, such as pH, pore size and adsorbent composition. It also discusses the challenges associated with adsorbent design, regeneration and environmental hazards, and encourages the development of biocompatible adsorbents and cost-effective solutions. The conclusions emphasize the urgent need to address the problem of NP pollution and provide a roadmap for future research and technological innovation in water treatment and environmental protection.