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Exposure matters: effects of environmentally realistic exposure conditions on toxicity of model nanomaterials to Daphnia Magna
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This study investigated the toxicity of polystyrene and gold nanoparticles to Daphnia magna under environmentally realistic exposure conditions, examining effects of particle charge, shape, and biomolecule corona formation. Results showed that eco-coronas formed by natural organic molecules significantly altered nanoparticle stability and toxicity, underscoring the importance of realistic exposure conditions in nanomaterial risk assessment.
Nanomaterials (NMs) can be defined as having at least one external dimension between 1-100nm. Due to their small size, NMs have a large surface area giving them characteristics that differ from bulk material. NMs are incorporated into numerous applications making environmental exposure to NMs likely. Increased reliance on plastic results in accumulation of nano-plastics in fresh waters. Polystyrene (PS) acts as a representative of both nano-plastic and NMs. The deposition of gold (Au) NMs is also likely due to their use in medical applications so that both PS and Au have a potential to interact with environmental organisms. Daphnia manga (D. magna) is an ideal candidate in fresh water toxicity testing. Toxicity, uptake and retention of NMs by organisms is dependent on several factors such as NM charge, shape, chemical composition and the absorption of natural biomolecules binding to the surface of the NM creating an eco-corona, altering stability of the NMs thereby changing their toxicity. This work investigates the toxicity of PS and Au NMs and explores the effects of charge, shape, presence of a corona and the impact of realistic modes of presentation of NMs to D. magna and how these factors impact toxicity, uptake, retention and depuration.
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Researchers examined how size and surface charge of polystyrene nanoplastics (20-100 nm) affected their behavior and toxicity to Daphnia magna in different water media, finding that smaller particles and certain media compositions significantly increased toxicity and aggregation patterns.
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Researchers examined how surface charge and natural organic matter influence the stability and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics to freshwater zooplankton. They found that positively charged nanoplastics were significantly more toxic than negatively charged ones, and that natural organic matter formed an eco-corona on the particles that reduced their toxicity. The study highlights that both particle surface properties and environmental conditions play critical roles in determining nanoplastic impacts on aquatic organisms.
Nanoplastics and the Role of the Corona in the Biological Responses of Daphnia magna
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Researchers exposed Daphnia magna neonates to nanoplastics coated with biomolecules from fetal bovine serum, Daphnia secretions, or algae, finding that coatings altered nanoplastic surface properties and affected internalization and biological responses differently depending on the biomolecule source.
Nanoplastics andthe Role of the Corona in the BiologicalResponses of Daphnia magna
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Researchers studied how biomolecule coatings from fetal bovine serum, Daphnia secretions, and algae affected nanoplastic toxicity in Daphnia magna, finding that coatings altered the nanoplastic surface and affected internalization and biological responses differently depending on the biomolecule source.
Investigating the toxicities of different functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics on Daphnia magna
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Researchers compared the toxicity of plain and surface-modified polystyrene nanoplastics on Daphnia water fleas, finding that unmodified particles were most lethal by activating stress kinase pathways, while surface-functionalized particles were less toxic — largely because positively charged particles aggregated rapidly in water and reduced their effective exposure concentration.
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