Microplastics from disposable paper cups: a growing concern in everyday life

Microplastics (MPs) released from disposables are receiving widespread attention due to direct human exposure during use. The present study investigates the quantification and size classification of MPs released from disposable plastic-coated paper cups commonly used for serving hot beverages. In order to evaluate MPs that can possibly seep into hot beverages in 15 minutes, the study examines five different types of paper cups (A–E) with varying film thicknesses (20–80 microns) and capacities (70–220 ml). Fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and liquid particle counter (LPC) were employed to characterize MPs. The findings indicate that high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs, primarily 2-5 μm in diameter, comprise a negligible percentage of particles larger than 15 μm. A 100 ml disposable cup may release up to 0.7 million microplastics (MPs), which are affected by the liquid's pH and temperature. The results from the recyclability analysis show that D is more resistant to moisture and biodegradability due to the thicker paper boards than the HDPE film lining. Routine users may ingest 657-876 million MPs annually, which could potentially affect human health and the environment. The results of the study are expected to provide insight into the health impacts and will contribute to the knowledge pool of microplastic removal technologies.