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Management of Marine Plastic Waste Generated from Land-based Sources in Viet Nam: Problems, Constraints, and Solutions
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This study analyzes Vietnam's plastic waste management challenges—ranking fifth globally in marine plastic pollution—and identifies inadequate recycling infrastructure, weak legislation, and poor monitoring as key barriers, recommending stronger policies, public education, and international cooperation to reduce marine plastic inputs.
Viet Nam is ranked No 5 in global plastic waste contribution to the marine environment. The long coastline in Viet Nam provides a livelihood for millions of households as well as food security for the whole country. The use of plastics per capita increased nearly elevenfold, from 3.8 kg/person in 1990 to 41 kg/person in 2015. The two highly populated cities (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) alone generate 80 tonnes of plastic waste every day. Landfilling is the primary treatment method of solid waste while recycling is still limited. Tax for plastic bags exists, but implementation is not efficient. Application of Extended Producer Responsibility still faces many constraints. Regular monitoring and data collection related to the status of marine plastic waste pollution are inadequate. Moving forward Viet Nam needs to focus on a number of issues including strengthening the legislation, raising awareness, promoting research on innovative recycling technologies, and promoting international cooperation. This paper investigates current issues, challenges, and constraints in managing plastic waste in Viet Nam and makes recommendations for improvement. The paper utilises an unsystematic narrative overview as the research method.
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Strategies to Reduce Marine Plastic Pollution from Land-based Sources in Low and Middle - Income Countries
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This report identifies land-based sources as responsible for up to 80% of marine plastic pollution and focuses on strategies for reducing plastic emissions in low- and middle-income countries in Southeast and South Asia. Based on action research in Indonesia and India, it proposes regulatory, economic, technological, and voluntary policy interventions across the plastic value chain for short, medium, and long-term implementation.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.