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Estudio para la identificación de alternativas que favorezcan la reducción de plásticos de un solo uso en el sector gastronómico de la ciudad de Ibagué
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This study assessed alternatives to single-use plastics in the food service sector of Ibagué, Colombia, identifying bioplastics made from corn starch as the most viable substitute and recommending government policy intervention to ban single-use plastics and incentivize plant-based packaging producers.
Colombia es un país en desarrollo rico en recursos naturales y biodiversidad, pero también en la generación indiscriminada de residuos plásticos de un solo uso, siendo estos utilizados debido a su flexibilidad, durabilidad y bajo costo. Sin embargo, estos plásticos han generado aumento de problemas ambientales a nivel mundial ocasionando el incremento de los desechos en rellenos sanitarios terminando en cuerpos de agua, acabando con los recursos naturales y contaminando el medio ambiente. En Colombia, existen diversos proyectos de ley que buscan la prohibición de plásticos de un solo uso con el fin de disminuir los impactos ambientales, económicos y sanitarios que se ocasionan debido a la mala disposición final de los residuos. Este trabajo surgió de la inquietud de reconocer y evaluar las diferentes alternativas que existen para reducir el consumo y uso de plásticos de un solo uso y su posible implementación en el sector gastronómico de la ciudad de Ibagué, identificando la percepción poblacional dentro del sector estudiado, al igual que los impacto generados y la normatividad que rige entorno a esta problemática. cabe resaltar que dentro de los sustitutos del plástico de un solo uso los más relevantes son los bioplásticos debido a que se encuentran elaborados a base de materias primas renovables como es el caso del almidón de maíz, productos que una vez finalizada su vida útil deben ser compostados por lo cual su disposición final no termina en un relleno sanitario. Finalmente se hace necesaria la intervención de entes gubernamentales que establezcan políticas que prohiban el uso de plásticos de un solo uso y acojan empresas favoreciendo la producción de nuevos sustitutos a base de materias primas de origen vegetal. ABSTRACT: Colombia is a developing country rich in natural resources and biodiversity, but also in the indiscriminate generation of single-use plastic waste, which is used due to its flexibility, durability and low cost. However, these plastics have generated an increase in environmental problems worldwide, causing an increase in waste in landfills ending up in bodies of water, destroying natural resources and contaminating the environment. In Colombia, there are various bills that seek to ban single-use plastics in order to reduce the environmental, economic and health impacts that are caused by the final poor disposal of waste. This work arose from the concern to recognize and evaluate the different alternatives that exist to reduce the consumption and use of single-use plastics and their possible implementation in the gastronomic sector of the city of Ibagué, identifying the population perception within the studied sector, as well as the impacts generated and the regulations that govern the environment for this problem. It should be noted that among the substitutes for single-use plastic, the most relevant are bioplastics because they are made from renewable raw materials, such as corn starch, products that, once their useful life has ended, must be composted so its final disposal does not end up in a sanitary landfill. Finally, the intervention of government entities that establish policies that prohibit the use of single-use plastics and welcome companies favoring the production of new substitutes based on raw materials of vegetal origin is necessary.
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