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Identificación de polietileno y su degradación foto-oxidativa entre los microplásticos muestreados en el frente costero del Lago de Maracaibo
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Researchers collected microplastics (1–5 mm) from the coastal shoreline of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela and used FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to identify polyethylene as a primary contaminant, estimating the particles had been exposed to environmental degradation for over 60 days based on photo-oxidative spectral signatures.
Caracterizar los microplásticos (MPs) entre 1 mm y 5 mm recolectados en el frente costero del Lago de Maracaibo es el objetivo principal de este macroproyecto, sin embargo los resultados presentados en este trabajo corresponden a un primer avance de las muestras tomadas en las costas del sector de Isla Dorada, en la zona norte del municipio Maracaibo, del estado Zulia. El procedimiento de muestreo desarrollado consistió en toma de 3 puntos distanciados por 50 m de separación tomando muestras tanto en la zona intermareal como en la zona supralitoral. La identificación y caracterización de los MPs se llevó a cabo mediante la tecnica de Espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier mediante reflectancia total atenuada (FTIR-ATR). En este primer muestreo el análisis por FTIR reveló que uno de los principales contaminantes MPs encontrados es el polietileno (PE). Por comparación del espectro obtenido para el PE con la literatura se logró determinar el tipo de plástico, los mecanismos de degradación y una estimación de que el tiempo de exposición a los factores ambientales de éstos MPs es mayor a 60 dias aproximadamente.
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