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Co-exposure of microcystin-LR and polystyrene microplastics induced testosterone synthesis inhibition by disrupting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis via PP2A/JNK and PKC signaling pathway in mice
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Researchers found that exposing mice to a combination of polystyrene microplastics and microcystin-LR, a toxin produced by algae, caused more severe damage to male reproductive organs than either pollutant alone. The microplastics increased the amount of the toxin that accumulated in testicular tissue. The study suggests that the interaction between microplastics and other environmental contaminants may amplify reproductive health risks.
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