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Contaminação por resíduos plásticos em boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) no litoral do Ceará, Brasil
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Researchers analyzed stomach contents from 40 Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) collected over 10 years off the Ceará coast of Brazil, finding that 95% were contaminated with plastic, with microplastics (averaging 7.77 particles per individual) far more prevalent than larger plastic items and polyurethane, PET, and EVA as the most common polymers.
Os mamíferos marinhos, como representantes de topo da cadeia alimentar, são considerados espécies sentinelas e podem atuar como indicadores da saúde dos oceanos. Os resíduos plásticos estão amplamente distribuídos nos oceanos e já são reconhecidos como contaminantes perigosos. Uma vez ingeridos, estes resíduos podem causar diversos efeitos adversos à fauna, a depender do tamanho da partícula e da incidência. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar a ingestão de plástico (macro - microplástico) em botos-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) do Atlântico Sudoeste Tropical, por meio da avaliação do conteúdo estomacal de uma amostragem retrospectiva de 10 anos. Os resíduos plásticos foram extraídos por digestão com solução de KOH e uma subamostra de partículas foi identificada pelo Laser Direto de Infravermelho. A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados (38 de 40) estava contaminada, os polímeros mais comuns identificados foram Poliuterano (PU), Politereftalato de etileno (PET) e Acetato vinila de Etileno (EVA). Os microplásticos (7.77 ± 1.25 partículas individuais -1; média ± erro padrão) foram mais prevalentes do que as partículas plásticas maiores (0.15 ± 1.25 partículas individuais-1). A variabilidade interanual não influenciou o tamanho ou o número de microplásticos ingeridos. No entanto, partículas menores foram detectadas durante as estações chuvosas. Houve correlação positiva entre a massa do conteúdo estomacal e o número de microplásticos, sugerindo contaminação por transferência trófica.
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Researchers examined stomach contents of 30 whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) from the Santos estuary in Brazil and found microplastics in 20% of specimens, raising concern about exposure to emerging pollutants — particularly fishing-related materials — in this economically important estuarine species.
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Researchers examined microplastic contamination in Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) stranded along the southwestern tropical Atlantic coast by analyzing stomach contents. The study found that most individuals were contaminated with microplastics, with polyurethane, PET, and EVA being the most common polymers, underscoring the widespread nature of plastic pollution in marine food webs.
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