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Single‐Use Ordinary Plastics vs. Bioplastics
Summary
This review compares conventional single-use plastics with bioplastics such as PLA and PHAs, noting that while all plastics fragment into microplastics during degradation, biodegradable bioplastics offer a more sustainable pathway when paired with industrial composting infrastructure and renewable-energy manufacturing to meaningfully reduce environmental impact.
Promoting bioplastic – everyday objects that are entirely or partially made of plant-based plastic – as green (environmentally friendly) is a rapidly developing, pro-ecological economic global trend. It should be emphasized that all plastics are subject to degradation into small fragments or powder, and their properties determine the speed of their decomposition in the process of photodegradation or oxidation. On the other hand, biodegradable plastic can be composted with the participation of microorganisms, where the decomposition products are water and carbon dioxide. Bioplastics made from polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are innovative materials but still require improvement. Therefore, research is being carried out on a new generation of bioplastics that have the same properties as conventional plastics but will be greener than the previous generation of bioplastics and will be produced in factories powered by wind, sun, biofuels, and other renewable energy sources, which will reduce their negative impact on the environment. The use of bioplastics is a more sustainable solution than using conventional plastics.