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Desafios na quantificação de microplásticos em ambientes aquáticos no Brasil : revisão sistemática
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Researchers conducted a systematic review of analytical methods used to quantify microplastics in Brazilian aquatic environments, finding that most studies rely on visual methods that can count but not chemically characterize particles, and that the absence of a standardized national methodology severely limits cross-study comparisons.
A poluição causada por plásticos é uma preocupação crescente na atualidade. Estes materiais, produzidos em grandes quantidades todos os anos, são frequentemente dispostos de maneira inadequada no ambiente, onde passam por alterações de natureza física e química em suas estruturas, fragmentando-se em pedaços menores chamados de microplásticos. Os microplásticos, assim definidos pelas suas dimensões entre 1 μm e 5 mm, apresentam elevada complexidade em seu comportamento e em suas interações com o meio ambiente, sendo seus efeitos deletérios amplamente estudados pela comunidade científica. Neste trabalho, fez-se revisão sistemática para avaliar os principais métodos analíticos atualmente empregados para quantificação de microplásticos em ambientes aquáticos no Brasil, verificando seus desafios e aplicabilidade. A literatura consultada demonstrou que a maior parte das publicações nacionais utiliza de métodos visuais e menos complexos, capazes de quantificar os microplásticos no ambiente, porém incapazes de caracterizar a sua composição polimérica ou quantificar contaminantes sorvidos no material. A inexistência de um padrão de referência metodológico para quantificação de microplásticos é um desafio citado por vários autores, e que também dificulta o trabalho de comparação de resultados entre diferentes pesquisas.
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