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The pyrolysis methods in the transformation of waste plastics for obtaining fuels, a literature review
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This literature review examines pyrolysis as a method to convert plastic waste — particularly polyethylene — into fuel, finding that fixed-bed pyrolysis using zeolite catalysts at 450–550°C is most effective, yielding 60–85% liquid fuel fractions and offering a viable strategy for reducing plastic pollution while generating usable energy.
Pyrolysis is a chemical method in which plastic waste decomposes at high temperatures (300-700 C), generating gaseous, liquid and solid products. This systematic literature review evaluated the pyrolysis methodology to reduce environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. Search strategies were used and 50 were identified. Study analysis was carried out. on pyrolysis, revealed that Asia leads with 52%, Europe with 38% and 10%. North America Operating conditions, such as temperature, play a crucial role in the quality of final results achieved by products-The fixed bed pyrolysis technique is widely used to convert polyethylene waste into fuels. Various catalysts are used, the most used being the natural mineral zeolite, which improves the process by directing pyrolysis towards the preferential formation of short hydrocarbons and avoiding the generation of unwanted byproducts [29]. In addition, it makes it possible to operate in an optimal temperature range of 450-550C, thus maximizing the yield of the desired liquid fraction in a range of 60 to 85% [58]. The combination of these catalytic effects together with the presence of the fixed bed leads to increased fuel production. The research highlighted that fixed bed pyrolysis, especially when complemented with zeolite as a catalyst, is presented as a highly effective strategy for the thermal decomposition process of plastics (PP) and (HDPE), favoring the formation of valuable fractions and avoiding the generation of unwanted by-products. This combination resulted in an optimization of the process, allowing operation in a specific temperature range to maximize the yield of the liquid fraction of interest. Highlighting its feasibility and effectiveness in generating fuel from polymer waste.
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