Assessing the impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on shrimp growth, physiology, antioxidant, immune responses and gut microbiota

Context Shrimp populations in high human-activity areas are very susceptible from plastic contamination. This susceptibility calls for a thorough investigation into the consequences of microplastics (MPs), nanoplastics (NPs) and related pollutants on shrimp health and productivity, with repercussions for human nutrition. Aims This paper emphasises the significance of comprehending the varieties of microplastics, their dispersion in environments, and the complex toxicities involved in lessening the harm of plastic pollution on crucial marine species and coastal habitats. Methods A search of the Scopus database utilising keywords ‘micro’, ‘nano plastics’ and ‘shrimp’ produced 156 pertinent publications from 1960 to 2024, which were subsequently employed for bibliometric analysis. Key results Our analysis uncovered a wide array of detrimental effects of MPs and NPs on shrimp, such as metabolic disturbances, modified feeding habits, tissue alterations, organ malfunction, increased susceptibility to heavy metals, breeding difficulties and higher death rates. NPs can affect shrimp indirectly by altering the composition of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions The adverse effects of MP and NP exposure extend to reduced vitality, stunted growth, misregulated gene expression, oxidative stress and genetic damage. Implications There is an urgent need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms through which MPs and NPs affect shrimp performance. Deciphering these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and informing policy decisions to reduce MPs and NPs pollution.