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Upgrading and Enhancement of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate with Chain Extenders: In-Depth Material Characterization

Journal of Ocean University of China 2024 16 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Christian W. Karl, Bjørnar Arstad, Madina Shamsuyeva, Jacek Lecinski, Kjell Olafsen, Åge Larsen, Stephan Kubowicz, James W. Comerford, Hans‐Josef Endres

Summary

Researchers compared two chemical chain extenders—Joncryl and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)—for restoring the molecular weight and mechanical properties of recycled PET, finding that Joncryl significantly outperformed PMDA because water generated during the PMDA reaction accelerates PET degradation rather than rebuilding polymer chains.

Polymers

Chemical chain extenders (CEs) can be used to restore the properties of recycled low-molecular-weight polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the type and concentration of the CEs Joncryl and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) on the viscosity and other rheological properties with a unique combination of different methods based on industrial samples originating from recycled PET bottles and trays. The resulting chain-extended thermoplastics were characterized by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, viscometry, cone plate rheometry, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy, 13C solid-state- and 1H NMR liquid spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. For a recycled PET mixture containing bottle and tray materials, our investigations have shown that a significantly better effect for chain elongation can be achieved with Joncryl compared to PMDA. This can presumably be attributed to water molecules formed during the use of PMDA, which accelerate the degradation of PET. The storage modulus values are therefore significantly higher for the samples with Joncryl compared to PMDA. The results of this study show that chain extension with Joncryl proceeds better compared to the reaction with PMDA.

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