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Exploración del microbioma intestinal de larvas de Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) asociado a una dieta de poliestireno expandido
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Researchers characterized the gut microbiome of Zophobas morio beetle larvae fed expanded polystyrene using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, finding that Spiroplasma dominated both polystyrene and oat diets while Pseudarthrobacter and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae increased in polystyrene-fed larvae. These findings identify candidate microorganisms for further isolation and bioremediation research targeting plastic degradation.
El poliestireno expandido (EPS) es un polímero sintético de uso común en diferentes industrias y posee una estabilidad molecular que le permite permanecer inmodificable por cientos de años generando un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. Se ha reportado que larvas de coleópteros de la familia Tenebrionidae pueden biodegradarlo gracias a enzimas producidas por su microbiota intestinal. En esta investigación se caracterizó preliminarmente la microbioma intestinal de larvas de Zophobas morio alimentadas con poliestireno (PS) y avena, empleando metabarcoding, mediante secuenciación Illumina Miseq de la región V3-4 del gen 16s del ARNr. Con los resultados de la secuenciación se analizó la composición taxonómica y la abundancia relativa de las bacterias, de lo cual se obtuvo que el género Spiroplasma fue el más abundante en las dietas de PS y avena, y no se encontraron diferencias en los análisis de diversidad alfa. Sin embargo, se destacó el aumento del género Pseudarthrobacter en el microbioma de larvas alimentadas con poliestireno expandido y miembros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae sin asignación taxonómica a nivel de género. La identificación de microorganismos posiblemente asociados a una dieta de poliestireno es el punto de partida de ensayos de caracterización, aislamiento y biorremediación, para la degradación de este material; estos ensayos, además, pueden extenderse a otro tipo de plásticos.
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Researchers found that mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) fed expanded polystyrene (EPS) showed significant changes in intestinal microbiota composition compared to controls, suggesting gut microbiome shifts accompany the biological degradation of polystyrene microplastics.
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