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Microplastics in agricultural soils: The role of soil texture in modulating oxygen diffusivity and soil respiration
Summary
Researchers spiked clay and sandy loam soils with PET microplastic fibers and fragments and measured oxygen diffusivity and soil respiration, finding that fibers reduced pore connectivity and oxygen diffusion more than fragments and that clay soils amplified these effects relative to sandy loam.
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in soils impacts nutrient cycling and soil respiration. However, the mechanisms underpinning the direction and magnitude of these effects on soil are uncertain. We hypothesized that the presence of MPs affects pore connectivity, leading to changes in oxygen (O 2 ) diffusivity and soil respiration. Furthermore, we anticipated that the magnitude of the effects would be dependent on both soil texture and MPs morphology. 1 % (w/w) PET MPs fibers (500 μm length) and fragments (125–250 μm) were spiked into rhizotrons filled with either clay or sandy loam soils. O 2 diffusivity differences were determined in microcosm using an oxygen-free chamber. The O 2 concentration in the soil was also measured in optimal conditions for respiration. O 2 diffusivity and concentration were measured using optode imaging. Respiration was estimated from cumulative CO 2 and changes in the size of the water-extractable carbon pool. Adding MPs decreased O 2 concentration in the sandy loam soil (167.4 ± 6.1 mg L −1 air), with a greater reduction observed for fragments (15 %) compared to fibers (12 %). Soil respiration decreased by 40 % in both fragment and fiber treatments in alignment with the reduction in oxygen concentration. Conversely, in the clay soil, the addition of fibers and fragments resulted in a 13 and 7 % increase in O 2 concentration compared to the control (177.9 ± 3.8 mg L −1 air). Both changes in oxygen concentration and diffusivity, show a similar response to MPs for the two soils. These findings indicate that the effects of MPs on soil respiration are likely driven by changes in O 2 dynamics. However, the MPs' impact on O 2 dynamics depends on soil particle size distribution. Future research should consider MP size, morphology, and soil particle distribution interactions to assess MPs' impacts on soil functions. • The impact of microplastics (MPs) on oxygen concentration in soils was variable. • Impact of MPs on oxygen diffusivity is driven by soil texture and MPs shape. • In sandy loam soil, the impact of MPs on diffusivity affects soil respiration. • Studies on MPs effects on soils must consider MP shape and soil particle distribution.