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Microplásticos y nanoplásticos: una amenaza para la salud humana y el medio ambiente
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Researchers reviewed the sources, human health risks, environmental impacts, and current physical, chemical, and biotechnological methods for detecting and removing microplastics and nanoplastics, highlighting their role as vectors for chemical and biological contaminants and the need for improved remediation strategies.
Los microplásticos y nanoplásticos representan una amenaza para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Estos fragmentos a escala nanométrica y micrométrica provienen de diversas fuentes de generación, todas ellas resultado de actividades humanas y productos fabricados por el hombre. Las repercusiones para la salud humana y el medio ambiente son preocupantes y debido a su naturaleza química, estos presentan desafíos significativos para su detección y eliminación debido a poder actuar como vectores para la transferencia de contaminantes químicos y biológicos. En cuanto a los métodos de identificación y eliminación, actualmente se exploran enfoques físicos, químicos y biotecnológicos. Sin embargo, aún se necesita investigar a profundidad, para mejorar la eficacia y la viabilidad de estas técnicas en la escala necesaria para abordar el problema. La gestión de los microplásticos y nanoplásticos representa un desafío multifacético, el cual requiere una acción coordinada para mitigar sus impactos negativos. En la presente revisión se aborda el daño potencial causado por los micro y nanoplásticos a la salud humana y al equilibrio medioambiental, las fuentes de generación, los métodos fisicoquímicos para su identificación y las posibles rutas de eliminación.
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Microplásticos e Nanoplásticos e sua relevância na saúde humana: uma revisão de literatura
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Researchers reviewed 22 studies on the health impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics in humans, concluding that physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms — including inflammatory responses, pathogen transport, and adsorption of toxic substances — all contribute to potential harm, and calling for more research given alarming preliminary findings.
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This review provides a comprehensive overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering their sources, occurrence in different environments, identification methods, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Researchers examined current analytical techniques and found significant gaps in the ability to detect and quantify the smallest plastic particles. The study outlines mitigation strategies including improved waste management, advanced filtration, and biodegradable alternatives.
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Researchers reviewed literature on micro- and nanoplastic contamination of human tissues, documenting systemic health risks including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, and potential carcinogenic, pro-coagulative, and pro-fibrotic effects, as well as threats to reproductive, immune, and endocrine function.
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