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Avaliação dos Impactos Ambientais nos Solos e Cursos D’água Resultantes do Descarte Inadequado de Resíduos Têxteis
Summary
This review examines the environmental impacts on soils and water bodies resulting from improper disposal of textile industry waste, both liquid effluents and solid residues. Researchers analyzed contamination pathways, pollutant types, and the severity of impacts given the textile industry's intensive water use and significant pollutant release into aquatic environments.
A indústria têxtil é amplamente reconhecida como uma das principais fontes de poluição do solo e dos corpos d'água. Isso se deve à sua intensa demanda por água em processos produtivos e à liberação significativa de poluentes no meio ambiente, especialmente nos corpos hídricos. Dada essa situação, é de suma importância conduzir análises abrangentes dos impactos ambientais originados pelo descarte de resíduos têxteis, tanto líquidos quanto sólidos. Devido à escassez de literatura que aborde de maneira substancial os efeitos ambientais nos cursos d'água e, em particular, no solo, resultantes nesse sentido, este estudo propõe uma revisão breve da literatura que tenha como intuito caracterizar e identificar a temática acerca dos impactos e potenciais impactos que tais danos causam ao meio ambiente, em especial, nos solos e cursos d’água. Foi conduzida uma meta-análise com dados provenientes da plataforma Scopus, enquanto o software VOSviewer foi empregado para avaliar a relevância da análise dos impactos ambientais nos solos decorrentes do inadequado descarte de efluentes têxteis. Os resultados revelaram diversos impactos ambientais, como mudanças climáticas, perda de biodiversidade e habitats, poluição do ar, contaminação das águas subterrâneas, comprometimento da fertilidade do solo, inibição do crescimento vegetal e, por último, a ameaça à produtividade agrícola.
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