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Prospects for the Use of Polymer Waste as Concrete Aggregates
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This review examines the use of crushed polymer waste as aggregate in concrete, finding that while it reduces density and improves chemical resistance and abrasion durability, it also reduces compressive strength due to poor adhesion between plastic and the cement matrix. Surface treatment of polymer particles and selection of high-modulus plastics are proposed as strategies to improve the mechanical performance of plastic-aggregate concrete.
The main aspects of the use of polymer waste as concrete aggregates are presented. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it was found that crushed polymer waste, including hard to recycle crosslinked polymers, can be used as an aggregate in concrete, which can significantly reduce their negative impact on the environment. The introduction of a polymer aggregate reduces the density and thermal conductivity of the concrete, increases its abrasion resistance, erosion resistance and chemical resistance, can slightly reduce shrinkage and the formation of microcracks. At the same time, concretes with polymer aggregate have reduced mechanical characteristics compared to traditional concretes, which modern scientists attribute to insufficient adhesion of the polymer aggregate to the cement matrix, their elastic incompatibility and limited hydration reaction near the grains of the polymer aggregate. To increase the adhesion of the aggregate to the cement ma-trix, it is necessary to provide an irregular, rough surface of the polymer particles. It is possible to apply special compositions to the aggre-gate particles that increase the adhesive properties or introduce polymer additives into the cement matrix. To ensure high mechanical characteristics of concretes with polymer waste, it is preferable to use waste with the highest modulus of elasticity to reduce the elastic incompatibility of the aggregate and the matrix and ensure unloading of the mortar part. Concretes with polymer waste aggregate can be used in the construction of floors, tile elements, facade elements, wall blocks. The use of polymer waste is also possible in the composition of chemically resistant concretes.
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