[Effects of Tire Wear Particles on Seedling Growth of Kidney Bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） and Soil Antibiotic Resistance Gene Abundance].

Tire wear particles （TWP）， a major source of microplastics （MPs）， are persistent environmental pollutants with notable toxicity. Although TWP pollution in soils has garnered increasing attention， most research has concentrated on aquatic environments， leaving gaps in understanding its effects on plants and co-occurring soil pollutants. This study examined the impact of TWP on plant growth and soil pollutants， specifically antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs）， using the kidney bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） as a model. The findings should enhance predictions and develop mitigation strategies for soil TWP risks. Pot experiments and qPCR analysis were conducted to assess the effects of TWP at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% on kidney bean growth and soil ARGs abundance， while evaluating the role of soil properties in regulating these interactions. TWP exposure impaired seedling growth， reducing root development by 31.35%-49.03% and fresh weight by 31.40%-48.33%. At 0.1% TWP， ARGs abundance in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils increased significantly by 13.58% and 14.83%， respectively. At 1% TWP， the enhancement of ARGs abundance weakened， and ARGs in non-rhizosphere soil significantly decreased compared to that in the control. However， higher TWP concentrations led to a significant increase in high-risk genes such as aadE and tetO， indicating that TWP pollution intensified the ARGs risk in soil. Correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that TWP inhibited plant growth and increased the pollution level and health risks of soil ARGs by increasing soil conductivity and depleting nutrients like dissolved organic carbon. This study provides critical insights into the effects of TWP residues on plant growth and soil ARGs. This study's findings aim to offer a scientific basis for the assessment of ecological risks posed by the combined contamination of TWP and ARGs in agricultural soils.