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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Nanoplastics Sign in to save

Exploring the detrimental effects of nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 2025 2 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Megha Sunil, N Mithun, K.A. Martin Xavier, K.A. Martin Xavier, Guruprasad Nayak, Guruprasad Kalthur, Santhosh Chidangil, K. Satheesh Kumar, Jijo Lukose

Summary

Tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics, so small they can pass through cell walls, have been found everywhere from polar ice to human tissue, and this review pulls together existing research on how they might harm both the environment and our bodies. While scientists are still working out the exact health risks, the concern is that these particles could build up in our organs over time, which is why researchers are calling for more study and better plastic waste management. The takeaway: plastic pollution isn't just an environmental issue anymore, it's becoming a personal health question too.

Nanoplastics (NPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than 1 μm, are emerging as an environmental contaminant on a worldwide scale, owing to heightened demand and inadequate waste management of plastics. NPs have been observed in terrestrial and aquatic systems from agricultural leaching, atmospheric transport, as well as the fragmentation of larger plastic waste. Industrial wastes discharged into canals and streams and effluent from sewage wastes add to pollution loading of the environment. They impair water quality, change habitat structure and functioning, and affect ecosystems. The biological impacts of NPs intensify these problems because of their high adsorbing ability within biological systems. These NPs of smaller sizes could pass across biological membranes and accumulate in tissues or have systemic effects. The existence of NPs is also identified in some of the most isolated locations such as polar ice, mountaintops, and human biological specimens. This review examines the interactions of NPs with the environment, highlighting their potential to disrupt the balance of ecosystems and affect human health as well as biological systems. Thus, this sheds light on the necessity of coordinated research to elucidate the toxicological mechanisms at play and to apply these insights in developing effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution.

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