Plastic contamination from latex and nitrile disposable gloves has the potential to influence plant productivity and soil health

• Disposable glove mask fragments affect the early development of B. napus . • The growth medium can modulate the effects of plastics on plant root growth. • Disposable glove fragments in the rhizosphere typically stimulate shoot growth. • Potential changes in soil health were indicated. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in plastic waste due to the widespread use of disposable protective gloves (DPGs), which pose a novel risk to the environment and potentially disrupt ecosystems. This study investigated the impact of latex and nitrile DPG fragments on the early growth and development of Brassica napus seedlings and soil microbial activity—an area not previously explored. Short-term in vitro experiments, which were performed under controlled conditions, revealed statistically significant inhibition of primary root length, with latex fragments at a 0.5% concentration reducing growth by up to 30%. To determine whether the surrounding environment of the plastic fragments and roots modulates the effects of DPGs, we also employed rhizotron systems that simulate realistic soil conditions. These systems, highlighting the role of the environment in plant responses, showed that while the effects on root and shoot growth were moderate compared with those in the in vitro setup, significant changes still occurred. The study revealed that latex fragments generally promoted leaf area, whereas nitrile fragments had mixed effects. Additionally, DPG contamination differentially altered soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass, indicating potential shifts in soil health. These findings provide compelling evidence of the complex interactions between DPGs and plant‒soil systems, underscoring the ecological risks associated with this type of pollution and the urgent need for improved plastic waste management to protect agricultural ecosystems. Statement of environmental implications The presence of disposable plastic glove (DPG) fragments in agricultural environments poses a significant environmental concern, potentially disrupting root growth dynamics, altering shoot morphology, and impacting soil microbial activity. These findings highlight the need for enhanced waste management strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in agricultural settings, safeguarding plant health, soil fertility, and ecosystem resilience.