Extraction of Methylparaben and Propylparaben using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Parabens, notably methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP), are being extensively utilized as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products because of their antimicrobial characteristics. Their widespread application and persistence in environmental systems have, however, raised important issues regarding human health and environmental stability, such as endocrine disruption and bioaccumulation. There is therefore a growing demand for the development of extraction methods that are efficient, selective, and environment-friendly for parabens. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were found to be useful materials for paraben extraction because they have a large surface area, simple functionalization procedures, and fast magnetic separation features. The current paper reviews the application of MNPs for the extraction and elimination of methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) from pharmaceutical and environmental samples. The review covers different functionalization procedures such as surfactant-coated MNPs and magnetic solid-phase extraction, detailing their efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. The paper also mentions novel methods such as green magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and syringe-to-syringe magnetic fluid phase microextraction. By comparative analysis of various MNP-based methodologies, this article tries to find the best approaches to paraben contamination mitigation and environmental safety enhancement.