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Evaluation of pyrolysis as a thermo-conversion method for the recovery of single-use plastics into liquid fuel

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Researchers processed single-use plastics (HDPE, LDPE, and PP) via pyrolysis at temperatures between 500–600°C, finding that HDPE at 550°C yielded the highest condensable fraction with fuel properties comparable to diesel, and economic modeling showed pyrolytic oil must sell at $0.80/kg to achieve a 15% internal rate of return.

El polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD), polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD) y polipropileno (PP) fueron procesados mediante pirólisis a diferentes temperaturas (500°C, 550°C y 600°C), con una tasa de calentamiento de 20°C/min y un tiempo de residencia de 60 minutos. A 550°C, el PEAD presentó el mayor rendimiento en la fracción condensable. También se estudiaron mezclas de plásticos en proporciones 50/50 en base a masa, donde la combinación PEAD/PEBD mostró el mayor rendimiento en fracción condensable. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la destilación de las fracciones condensables obtenidas, donde el líquido destilado del PEAD presentó el mayor rendimiento. Este líquido fue caracterizado mediante sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, obteniendo una densidad de 0.774 g/ml, una viscosidad cinemática de 2.22 cSt y un poder calorífico de 49.63 MJ/kg, valores comparables a los del diésel. Finalmente, se realizó una simulación del proceso de pirólisis del PEAD en Aspen Plus para evaluar su viabilidad técnico-económica. Se determinó que el aceite pirolítico debería venderse a $0.80/kg para alcanzar una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) del 15%, con un período de recuperación de 7.3 años. Estos resultados sugieren que, bajo las condiciones establecidas, la pirólisis de PEAD es una alternativa viable para la valorización de residuos plásticos, con una rentabilidad aceptable a largo plazo.

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