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Microplastics toxicology and bioremediation strategies for a sustainable future: a comprehensive review
Summary
This comprehensive review covers the sources, toxicity, and bioremediation strategies for microplastic pollution. Researchers summarized how microplastics enter organisms through contaminated food and water and can cause harmful effects at the cellular level. The study highlights promising biological approaches for breaking down microplastics, including enzyme-based methods and microbial degradation, as potential paths toward a more sustainable solution.
Initially, biobased polymers were replaced by synthetic plastics due to their superior properties. However, growing concerns about the toxicity of plastics have emerged following extensive global production and reliance on single-use plastics, which contribute to significant waste and microplastics (MPs). MPs, ranging from 1 μm to 5 mm, can infiltrate organisms, leading to adverse health effects through contaminated food and beverages. In response, researchers focus on degrading MPs using methods like enzymatic hydrolysis and Fenton chemistry. This review examines the classification, sources, mechanisms, and toxicity of MPs, while discussing bio-inspired degradation techniques and exploring sustainable alternatives like bioplastics.
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