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Assessment of Growth and Physiological Responses of Lemna minor Exposed to 4-Aminodiphenylamine, a Tire Wear Compound
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Researchers exposed the aquatic plant Lemna minor to 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA), an antioxidant additive leached from tire wear particles, finding dose-dependent reductions in biomass, frond number, and chlorophyll content even at environmentally relevant concentrations (10–100 µg/L), demonstrating significant ecotoxicological risk to aquatic ecosystems.
4-Aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA) is a common additive in rubber tires, known for its antioxidant properties. It plays a crucial role in enhancing tire durability by preventing issues such as drying, cracking, and degradation from prolonged exposure to environmental factors like heat, oxygen, and ozone. However, despite its advantages in extending tire lifespan, the use of 4-ADPA raises significant environmental concerns. As tires wear down, microscopic tire wear particles (TWPs) containing 4-ADPA are released into the environment with substantial leaching, contaminating the waterways. The 4-ADPA leachates pollute and pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, affecting various forms of marine life. The current study investigates the ecotoxicological effects of 4-ADPA on the aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor), focusing on its impact on relative growth and physiological biomarkers. Several parameters were assessed to evaluate ecotoxicity, including frond morphology, fresh biomass, total frond number, chlorophyll content, and starch accumulation. L. minor was grown for seven days under controlled laboratory conditions using Hoagland media with varying concentrations of 4-ADPA (10 - 100 μg/L), while a control group was maintained in media without 4-ADPA. Results: The results indicate that exposure to 4-ADPA led to a dose-dependent reduction in fresh biomass, total frond number, and chlorophyll levels. Lugol’s staining revealed increased starch accumulation in the fronds after exposure to 4-ADPA. The biological effects observed in L. minor following exposure to 4-ADPA, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, demonstrate a significant ecotoxicological impact on aquatic ecosystems. Further research involving additional species and investigating the mechanisms behind 4-ADPA toxicity is recommended to better understand its long-term consequences.
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Assessment of Growth and Physiological Responses of Lemna minor Exposed to 4-Aminodiphenylamine, a Tire Wear Compound
AI summary Read the abstract
Researchers exposed the aquatic plant Lemna minor to the tire additive 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA) at concentrations of 10–100 µg/L and found dose-dependent reductions in biomass, frond number, and chlorophyll content alongside increased starch accumulation, demonstrating significant ecotoxicological effects even at environmentally relevant levels.
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Researchers compared effects of tire wear particles on the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor and other aquatic plants, examining how tire-derived microplastics with their complex rubber and additive composition affect primary producers. Tire wear particles inhibited aquatic plant growth, with both the rubber particles themselves and leachate chemicals contributing to phytotoxic effects.
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Researchers compared the effects of tire wear particles on the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor and other aquatic plants, examining how the complex composition of tire-derived microplastics affects plant growth and physiology. Tire wear particles showed toxicity to aquatic plants at environmentally relevant concentrations, with chemical leachates contributing to the observed effects.
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