Biodegradation and valorisation of plastic based food packets: a microbial solution for sustainability and circular economy

The exponential increase in plastic waste, particularly from food packaging, necessitates innovative and sustainable solutions. Despite their advantageous properties such as cost-effectiveness and durability, the massive production of plastics has led to severe environmental issues. Conventional plastic waste management methods have severe environmental impacts such as groundwater pollution, air pollution, and clogged drainage systems. Thus, they are unable to mitigate crises sustainably. The improper disposal of plastics also affects tourism, nutrient production, and human health. Recent studies have explored the use of microorganisms to degrade plastics and produce valuable products including lactic acid, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), mono (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), terephthalic acid (TPA/TA), and 2-hydroxyethyl benzoate. Biodegradation and valorization of plastic-based food packets through microbial processes offers a promising pathway to mitigate pollution and drive a circular economy, fostering sustainability for future generations. This study highlights the potential of microbial degradation as a sustainable solution for plastic waste management, with valorization processes transforming plastic waste into valuable resources.