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The Role of Microbial Communities in Bioremediation of Plastic Waste

Processes 2025
K Sumana Mounya, Sowmya Kumaravel, M. Aneez Mohamed, Swati Shikha

Summary

This review investigates how bacterial and fungal microbial communities biodegrade plastic polymers through enzymatic activity, examining the effects of environmental factors and genetic modification on plastic degradation efficiency. The study finds that microbial bioremediation shows real promise for plastic waste management when combined with modern biotechnological approaches, including bioplastics and genetic engineering of plastic-degrading organisms.

The fast accumulation of plastic waste happens because insufficient recycling and proper disposal techniques allow only small quantities of plastic to be recycled thus releasing the vast majority into landfills and the environment. The research investigates how microbial collective organisms perform biological recovery of plastic waste. Plastic polymers undergo different enzymatic transformations through bacterial and fungal organisms before these microbes can break down the products to generate cellular metabolic energy. This study examines plasticbiodegrading microbial populations through enzyme research and environmental factor analysis and genetic modification studies focused on plastic degradation enhancement. This paper shows bioremediation operations need appropriate planning by explaining microbial technologies should be implemented during waste management activities. The research shows that plastic pollution management reaches success when applying microbial methods that combine bioplastics with modern biotechnological approaches to support environmental sustainability.

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