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Advances in enzymatic degradation of microplastics: Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and future directions
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Microbial degradation of microplastics by enzymatic processes: a review
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Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and algae produce enzymes capable of degrading microplastics, offering a biologically safe remediation pathway that avoids secondary toxic byproducts. Advancing our understanding of specific enzymes and their degradation mechanisms could unlock scalable solutions for eliminating persistent microplastic contamination from marine and terrestrial environments.
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Plastic waste breaks down into tiny particles called micro- and nanoplastics, which are now showing up in our water, food, and even our bodies, raising growing concerns about long-term health effects. This review pulls together research on using bacteria and their enzymes to break down these plastic particles into harmless substances, a cleaner, lower-energy alternative to current waste management methods. While early lab results are promising, scientists still need to solve major challenges before this approach can be used on a large scale, meaning practical solutions to reduce plastic pollution (and our exposure to it) are still likely years away.
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