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Characteristics and Potential Source of Marine Debris in an Indonesian Remote Island: A Case Study of Lemukutan Island
Summary
This study investigated marine debris abundance and characteristics on Lemukutan Island, Indonesia, during two monsoon transitional seasons, finding an average of 4.4 items/m² with plastics comprising 84.6% of debris by abundance. Ocean currents transporting debris toward the Pemangkat River estuary were identified as a key distribution mechanism, highlighting the need for improved waste management and public awareness.
The accumulation of marine debris on Lemukutan Island poses a significant threat to the island’s aquatic environment and sustainable tourism. This study investigates the abundance and spatiotemporal characteristics of marine debris along the island’s coastline and evaluates the dominant sources contributing to its presence. Sampling was conducted twice, in May and November, representing the first and second monsoon breaks, using methods adapted from the NOAA Marine Debris Program. Results revealed an average abundance of 4.4 ± 0.08 items/m² and an average weight of 22.3 ± 0.46 g/m², with plastics accounting for 84.6% of the debris by abundance and 51.7% by weight. The most common items included plastic wrappers, fragments, cups, and bottles. Coastal cleanliness was rated as moderate during both transitional seasons. The findings highlight the influence of ocean currents in transporting debris toward the Pemangkat River estuary and emphasize the urgent need for improved waste management and enhanced public awareness initiatives to address plastic pollution.