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Novel Techniques for Micro and Nanoplastics Analysis: A Review

Asian Journal of Chemistry 2025
Harmanpreet Meehnian, Gurmeet Singh, Sarvesh Rustagi, Jatinder Singh

Summary

This review critically examines both traditional and advanced analytical techniques for microplastic and nanoplastic analysis, covering sampling, identification, and quantification methods for particles smaller than 5 mm. The review summarizes current applications of microscopy, spectroscopy, and emerging cutting-edge approaches, highlighting the need for reliable and rapid standardized methods given the ubiquitous prevalence of microplastic contamination.

Microplastics contamination has received increased attention, due to its ubiquitous prevalence and possible hazards to the environment. It is critically necessary to have trustworthy techniques and tools for rapidly analyzing microplastics smaller than 5 mm. The analytical techniques for microplastics research such as sampling, identification and quantification are reviewed critically. Here both traditional and cutting-edge techniques for analyzing microplastics have been summarized. Furthermore, the present review focused on the current applications of microplastics analysis using, microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and the highly advanced techniques includes automated image analysis, infrared hyperspectral imaging, microplastic sensors and electrochemical sensors.

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