Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs)

This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the global production, utilization, and environmental impact of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). It underscores their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity – collectively referred to as PBT properties – as defined in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The chapter reviews publicly available literature regarding the global landscape of SCCP production, their contamination of soil and water, and the associated health risks to humans. Key findings from various studies indicate a rising trend in global SCCP production, with an estimated manufacturing capacity of 165 metric tons (Mt) per year. This contributes to a total annual production of chlorinated paraffins exceeding 1 million tons. Since 1935, total global releases of SCCPs into surface water and soil are estimated at between 1.66 and 105 Mt and 9.46 to 81 Mt, respectively, primarily due to industrial applications. SCCPs are predominantly used in applications such as PVC, construction materials, fire retardants, metalworking, sealants, and adhesives, which significantly contribute to environmental contamination. Although promising remediation techniques, including adsorption and degradation methods, show potential for effectively removing SCCPs from water and soil, practical implementation challenges remain. This chapter emphasizes the importance of comprehensively understanding the environmental and health risks associated with SCCPs. It calls for the collection of more detailed data on their toxicity and waste disposal practices to inform better regulatory and mitigation strategies.