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The Effect of Using Thermoelectrics in the Condensation Process on the Yield of Pyrolysis Oil
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Researchers found that using Peltier thermoelectric modules in the condensation stage of plastic pyrolysis improved condensation effectiveness from 0.58 to 0.76, increasing oil yield and producing denser, more viscous fuel oil compared to conventional water-flow condensers.
Pyrolysis is one of the alternatives to overcome plastic waste that can be chosen, in addition to reducing waste piles, pyrolysis can also produce an energy source in the form of oil that can be used for other purposes. The oil produced from the pyrolysis process is influenced by various aspects such as the process temperature and the condensation process. The condensation process in pyrolysis affects oil yields, in this study it is known that the use of peltier thermoelectric in the condensation process can lower the steam temperature better according to the results of CFD simulations. This was proven by experiments that later found that condensers with peltier thermoelectric can increase pyrolysis oil yield with a condensation effectiveness of 0.76 compared to the condensation process of unidirectional water flow in pipes of about 0.58. In addition to higher yields, the oil characteristics of peltier thermoelectric condensers have a density value of 772.2 Kg/m3 based on testing with the ASTM D4052 method and a viscosity of 1,110 mm2/s based on testing with the ASTM D445 method. This also explains why the oil produced by peltier thermoelectric condensation looks more saturated.
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Researchers investigated how pyrolysis temperature and fractional condensation affect the yield and quality of fuel oil derived from polypropylene plastic waste, seeking to optimize operating conditions for producing viable alternative fuels from a major waste stream.
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This review examined pyrolysis as a method to convert low-density and high-density polyethylene plastic waste into fuel, summarizing process parameters, product yields, and fuel quality. Pyrolysis can transform otherwise unrecyclable plastic into diesel-like hydrocarbon fuels. The technology offers a potential solution for managing polyethylene waste while generating energy from materials that would otherwise persist in the environment.
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Researchers processed single-use plastics (HDPE, LDPE, and PP) via pyrolysis at temperatures between 500–600°C, finding that HDPE at 550°C yielded the highest condensable fraction with fuel properties comparable to diesel, and economic modeling showed pyrolytic oil must sell at $0.80/kg to achieve a 15% internal rate of return.
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