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Remoção do microplástico por meio de flotação por ar dissolvido
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Researchers evaluated dissolved air flotation (DAF) combined with coagulation and flocculation for removing four types of microplastics (HDPE, PE, PET, PS) at bench scale, finding removal efficiencies ranging from 66–91% depending on polymer type; PET achieved the highest removal (91.3%) with aluminum sulfate coagulation alone, while PS was the most difficult to remove due to its hydrophobicity.
A contaminação por microplásticos (MPs) representa um dos principais desafios ambientais, afetando ecossistemas aquáticos e podendo oferecer riscos à saúde humana. Este estudo avaliou a eficiência da flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD), associada à coagulação e floculação, na remoção de quatro tipos de MPs: polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), polietileno (PE), politereftalato de etileno (PET) e poliestireno (PS). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em escala de bancada com floteste de 2 L e recirculação de 20%. Três condições foram analisadas: (i) controle, (ii) coagulação com sulfato de alumínio (Al₂(SO₄)₃) e (iii) coagulação associada à poliacrilamida aniônica (PAM). A eficiência foi quantificada pela redução da turbidez. Os resultados mostraram influência do tipo de polímero e da estratégia de tratamento. O PET apresentou a maior remoção (91,3%) com coagulação simples, atribuída à polaridade superficial. O PE obteve melhor desempenho (82,6%) com a adição de PAM, devido à formação de flocos mais densos. O PEAD manteve elevadas taxas (>80%) em todas as condições, favorecido por sua baixa densidade. O PS foi o menos removido (máx. 66,2%), em razão da hidrofobicidade. Concluiu-se que a FAD combinada a coagulação-floculação é promissora para remover MPs, embora a eficiência dependa das propriedades específicas de cada polímero.
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