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Marine Debris di Perairan Teluk Kendari: Sebuah Analisis Komparatif Spasial Melalui Platform Google Earth Engine (2023 vs. 2025)
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This Indonesian study used Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Floating Debris Index (FDI) algorithm in Google Earth Engine to map and analyze marine debris distribution and density in Kendari Bay for 2023 versus 2025. Results showed debris concentration hotspots near river estuaries, ports, and high-anthropogenic-activity areas, with FDI values up to 0.92 and debris density exceeding 50 g/m² at some locations, with no significant change in distribution patterns between the two years indicating persistent pollution without effective mitigation.
Pencemaran sampah laut (marine debris) di perairan Teluk Kendari telah menjadi ancaman serius terhadap ekosistem pesisir dan kesehatan masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, memetakan, dan menganalisis sebaran serta kepadatan marine debris menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel-2 dan algoritma Floating Debris Index (FDI) dalam platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) pada periode 2023 vs. 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran debris tidak merata, dengan konsentrasi tertinggi terdeteksi di sekitar muara sungai, pelabuhan, dan area beraktivitas antropogenik tinggi. Nilai FDI berkisar antara 0,0506–0,9222 (tahun 2023) dan 0,0487–0,8085 (tahun 2025), dengan nilai maksimum masuk kategori Kelas 3 (FDI ≥ 0,3) yang mengindikasikan keberadaan macroplastic dan agregasi plastik padat. Estimasi kepadatan debris mencapai >50 g/m² di beberapa hotspot, menunjukkan akumulasi yang mengkhawatirkan dan persisten. Tidak terdapat perubahan signifikan dalam pola sebaran antara kedua tahun, mengindikasikan bahwa tekanan antropogenik dan input sampah masih berlanjut tanpa intervensi mitigasi efektif. Faktor hidrodinamika seperti arus dan angin berperan penting dalam memusatkan debris. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi pengelolaan berbasis data, pemantauan rutin, pembersihan terfokus, dan penguatan kebijakan pengelolaan sampah darat. Studi lanjutan dengan resolusi tinggi dan pemodelan hidrodinamika diperlukan untuk memahami dinamika debris secara lebih komprehensif.
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