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Transformer Assisted U-Net for Marine Litter Detection on Sentinel-2 Imagery
Summary
This study presented a deep learning scheme for detecting marine litter in Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using a Deep UNet architecture enhanced with self- and cross-attention transformer mechanisms in the decoder, incorporating all Sentinel-2 bands alongside NDVI and FDI indices. The model was trained on the FloatingObjects benchmark dataset and compared against state-of-the-art approaches for marine debris segmentation from space.
The contamination of marine environments with man-made litter is a growing nation-wide concern. Satellite imagery combined with deep learning–based detection models has emerged as a robust and cost-effective solution for large-scale marine litter monitoring. In this article, we present a novel deep learning-based scheme to detect marine litter using Sentinel-2 imagery based on the Deep UNet architecture, introducing self- and cross-attention mechanisms into the decoder via transformer layers. The model leverages all Sentinel-2 bands except B10, and the NDVI and FDI indices are additionally incorporated to better guide the segmentation process. To evaluate the proposed model, we train it on the FloatingObjects dataset, a widely used benchmark for marine debris detection, and compare its performance against state-of-the-art approaches.