Green and Eco-Friendly Triboelectric Nanogenerators

The chapter will explore the burgeoning field of sustainable energy harvesting through triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) constructed from environmentally conscious and renewable resources. Recognizing the ecological challenges posed by conventional non-biodegradable and synthetic materials, this chapter will delve into the design, fabrication, and performance characteristics of TENGs that prioritize the utilization of waste byproducts and naturally occurring substances. The scope will encompass the environmental concerns associated with traditional TENG materials and the compelling motivation for developing greener alternatives, including addressing electronic waste and plastic pollution. It will further explore the innovative application of novel, eco-friendly materials, including naturally derived substances such as food-based materials. The chapter will also highlight facile, low-cost, and environmentally benign fabrication methodologies, emphasizing solvent-free and cleanroom-free processes. Furthermore, it will present the performance characterization of these sustainable TENGs, detailing key electrical parameters and offering comparisons with existing technologies, alongside demonstrations of their practical applications in powering portable electronics and self-powered systems. Ultimately, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the progress in creating environmentally responsible green TENGs, showcasing their potential as a sustainable energy solution by effectively harnessing waste and natural resources.