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Green and Eco-Friendly Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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This book chapter explored the design, fabrication, and performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) constructed from environmentally friendly, renewable resources including agricultural waste byproducts and naturally derived materials. The chapter addressed both the environmental concerns of conventional TENG materials contributing to electronic waste and plastic pollution, and the performance of eco-friendly alternatives for powering portable electronics and self-powered systems.
The chapter will explore the burgeoning field of sustainable energy harvesting through triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) constructed from environmentally conscious and renewable resources. Recognizing the ecological challenges posed by conventional non-biodegradable and synthetic materials, this chapter will delve into the design, fabrication, and performance characteristics of TENGs that prioritize the utilization of waste byproducts and naturally occurring substances. The scope will encompass the environmental concerns associated with traditional TENG materials and the compelling motivation for developing greener alternatives, including addressing electronic waste and plastic pollution. It will further explore the innovative application of novel, eco-friendly materials, including naturally derived substances such as food-based materials. The chapter will also highlight facile, low-cost, and environmentally benign fabrication methodologies, emphasizing solvent-free and cleanroom-free processes. Furthermore, it will present the performance characterization of these sustainable TENGs, detailing key electrical parameters and offering comparisons with existing technologies, alongside demonstrations of their practical applications in powering portable electronics and self-powered systems. Ultimately, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the progress in creating environmentally responsible green TENGs, showcasing their potential as a sustainable energy solution by effectively harnessing waste and natural resources.
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Upcycling of Waste Materials for the Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self‐Powered Applications
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This review explores the use of diverse waste streams — including biowaste, textiles, electronics, and medical waste — as materials for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert mechanical energy to electricity, offering a dual solution for plastic waste management and sustainable power generation for wearable and IoT devices.
Enhanced Area Triboelectric Nanogenerator Utilizing Recycled Single Used Plastic Bubble Wrap and Discarded Sketching Paper Ensuring Circularity of Material
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Researchers developed a low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made from recycled single-use bubble wrap and discarded sketching paper, demonstrating a way to convert waste plastics into functional energy-harvesting devices. The study suggests that repurposing plastic waste into sustainable electronics could help address both plastic pollution and energy consumption concerns.
Development and Characterization of Sustainable Polyethylene Oxide-Mica Composites for Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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Researchers developed sustainable triboelectric nanogenerators using bio-based polyethylene oxide combined with natural muscovite mica, optimizing filler content, film thickness, and crystallization to enhance surface charge density and electrical performance for use in sensors and small electronic devices.
Recycled Thermocol Nanofibers Based Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators for AI‐Assisted Switching
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Researchers transformed discarded expanded polystyrene (EPS/thermocol) waste into electrospun nanofibers and used them as the tribonegative layer in a triboelectric nanogenerator, achieving an output power density of 2083 mW/m² — outperforming standard polymers like PTFE. Converting plastic waste into functional energy-harvesting materials offers a waste-reduction pathway that simultaneously addresses the EPS pollution contributing to marine microplastic loads.
Electrification Mechanism and Critical Performance Factors of Animal Fur Fiber‐Based Soft‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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Researchers developed a soft-contact fur-based triboelectric nanogenerator (F-B TENG) using natural animal fur as a flexible triboelectric medium to achieve high electrical output with minimal environmental impact. The study examined the contact electrification mechanism and key performance factors, noting that surface wear in conventional TENGs generates microplastics, making natural fur a lower-impact alternative.
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