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[Research Process on the Removal Characteristics and Ecological Response of Constructed Wetlands to Microplastics/Nanoplastics].
Summary
This Chinese-language review summarized how constructed wetlands remove microplastics and nanoplastics through plant-substrate-microorganism interactions, covering removal mechanisms, ecological effects, and treatment efficiency. The authors found wetlands to be a cost-effective ecological approach but noted significant knowledge gaps on long-term nanoplastic behavior.
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics/nanoplastics （MPs/NPs） come from various sources, are widely distributed, and significantly affect the ecological environment safety and human health. Constructed Wetlands （CWs）, as an economical, efficient and widely used ecological treatment technology, can effectively remove various pollutants through plant-substrate-microorganism synergies, providing a feasible way for ecological restoration of MPs/NPs. At present, more and more studies have begun to focus on the migration and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetlands. Therefore, this paper systematically summarized the latest research results and literature, focusing on the occurrence status and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetland, including removal mechanism, ecological response of constructed wetland and operation characteristics. The removal characteristics, mechanism, and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetlands were discussed in detail, and relevant conclusions were drawn. The constructed wetland can effectively remove MPs/NPs, with removal rates of over 90%, which are mainly trapped and degraded by plants, substrate, and microorganisms. However, MPs/NPs may also interfere with the normal functioning of constructed wetland, significantly affecting the activity of plants and microorganisms, and small-size NPs has higher toxic stress effects than MPs.
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