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Impactos ambientais e sanitários dos absorventes descartáveis: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura
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This systematic review examined the lifecycle of disposable menstrual pads, finding that plastic pollution, chemical exposures from phthalates and PFAS, and menstrual poverty collectively make disposable absorbers a major intersectoral public health and environmental challenge requiring stronger regulation and sustainable alternatives.
A demanda por absorventes acompanha o crescimento da população feminina global, onde a praticidade e o custo acessível consolidaram o absorvente descartável como escolha predominante, mas seus efeitos extrapolam a esfera individual, causando impactos à saúde pública, sociedade e meio ambiente. De forma a abordar esses impactos, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a produção, o uso e o descarte dos absorventes femininos, considerando suas implicações ambientais, sanitárias e sociais. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, seguida da análise no Google Planilhas e organização segundo o protocolo PRISMA (2020). Os artigos selecionados foram analisados pela correlação no software VOSviewer® e na construção do mapa de Cluster. O ciclo de vida dos absorventes descartáveis constitui um problema intersetorial, marcado pela poluição plástica, riscos à saúde associados a compostos químicos como ftalatos e PFAS e desigualdades sociais manifestadas na pobreza menstrual. Faz-se necessária a implementação de políticas públicas que regulamenta substâncias nocivas à saúde, fomenta alternativas sustentáveis e promovam educação em saúde menstrual, assegurando dignidade, equidade e sustentabilidade.
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Sanitary pads are complex products containing a range of synthetic materials, including plastics and chemical additives, yet they remain largely underregulated for intimate-use safety. This review examines the composition of commercially available sanitary pads, the regulatory frameworks governing them, and emerging research on potential health implications of prolonged exposure to their components. Growing awareness of plastic and chemical exposure through menstrual products has prompted calls for greater transparency and stricter safety standards.
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This planetary health review highlights how conventional menstrual hygiene products generate significant plastic waste and contain potentially harmful chemicals, while many people worldwide lack adequate access to menstrual products. Reusable and sustainable alternatives could simultaneously address menstrual equity and reduce environmental plastic pollution.
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This review examined the environmental and health impacts of disposable plastics and explored sustainable alternatives, drawing on secondary literature across environmental science and health disciplines. The paper assessed plastic waste contributions to ocean pollution and proposed strategies to mitigate these challenges.
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A literature review of science education materials found that teaching about microplastics overwhelmingly emphasizes environmental awareness while largely ignoring human health impacts — including evidence that microplastics have been detected in human organs like the liver, lungs, placenta, and breast milk. This gap in curricula limits students' critical understanding of microplastics as a public health issue, not just an ecological one.
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