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Microplastics as membrane fouling “promoter” in calcium-alginate systems: A multiscale thermodynamic perspective
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Researchers reviewing biofilm formation on microplastics found that microbial colonization alters the particles' surface chemistry, density, and pollutant adsorption capacity, ultimately affecting how microplastics are ingested by organisms and how they influence nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
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Laboratory experiments showed that exposure of polystyrene microspheres to humic acids—a common component of dissolved organic matter in natural waters—enabled approximately 5% of the microspheres to become encapsulated within calcite crystals during calcium carbonate precipitation. This mechanism means microplastics can be incorporated into the shells, skeletons, and hard tissues of marine calcifiers like molluscs, corals, and crustaceans, potentially compromising skeletal integrity and entering the food chain via shell-forming organisms.
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