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Protective Action of Hydrolysable Tannins Against Bisphenol A Toxicity on Zebrafish Development
Summary
Hydrolysable tannins at 20 µg/L rescued zebrafish embryos from bisphenol A-induced developmental toxicity, improving hatching rates, heart function, and gene expression for key developmental transcription factors while reducing lipid accumulation. This protective mechanism is significant for microplastic pollution research because BPA is a plastic-derived endocrine disruptor that leaches from polycarbonate microplastics, and identifying natural dietary compounds that mitigate plastic chemical toxicity has direct relevance to human health strategies.
Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are polyphenolic compounds extracted from plants consisting of a sugar core, esterified with phenolic acids, such as gallic or ellagic acid. These phenolic acids are responsible for their well-known antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the potential protective role of HTs against bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental pollutant known to have toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPA at 25.0 µM alone and in combination with HTs at 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µgL−1 for 72 h. The results showed that HTs at 20.0 µgL−1 improved hatching and heart rate affected by BPA and reduced the phenotypic alterations caused by BPA. In addition, molecular analysis of genes involved in development showed that the down-regulation of cd63, zhe1, klf4, hand2, sox9b, and gata4 genes in the BPA group were improved with HTs 20.0 µgL−1. Furthermore, HTs were able to reduce the increased lipid content caused by exposure to BPA. These results demonstrate that HTs have a protective effect on the development of zebrafish exposed to BPA, suggesting that they could potentially exert protective effects in response to other environmental stressors.